Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases in Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the impact of climate change on the prevalence of vector-borne diseases, specifically malaria and dengue, in Nigeria. Rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and increased humidity were found to significantly influence disease transmission by creating favorable breeding conditions for mosquitoes, the primary vectors. Data were collected from weather stations, satellite imagery, government reports, hospitals, and health organizations. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods were employed to analyze regional variations and quantify the relationship between climate variables and disease prevalence. Results revealed a regional disparity in disease patterns, with Northern Nigeria experiencing higher malaria prevalence due to rising temperatures, while Southern Nigeria showed a steady increase in dengue cases linked to higher rainfall and humidity. Central Nigeria exhibited moderate increases in both diseases. Longitudinal studies highlighted the consistent influence of climate variability on disease trends over time. Interviews and surveys provided qualitative insights into the experiences of affected communities, further emphasizing the need for region-specific public health strategies. The findings underscore the necessity of integrating climate adaptation measures into health policies, such as enhanced disease monitoring, environmental management, and community education. Proactive efforts tailored to regional climate conditions can mitigate the growing burden of vector-borne diseases in Nigeria, thereby improving public health resilience against climate change.